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Abstract
General Background: Fractal radiophysics and fractal radio electronics represent advanced fields focusing on the creation and development of innovative radio systems. Specific Background: The integration of fractals, textures, fractional operators, and nonlinear dynamics into radiophysics and radiolocation is an emerging area of study with substantial potential. Knowledge Gap: Despite significant advancements, there remain critical gaps in understanding the application of these elements to improve radiophysics and radar signal processing. Aims: This study aims to bridge these gaps by employing long-term natural experiments, statistical analyses, and new information technologies to enhance the identification and classification of land covers and to develop advanced radar maps. Results: The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of fractal methods in improving the accuracy of radar signal processing and land cover classification, with fractal-based approaches outperforming traditional methods. The study also introduces novel textural techniques for identifying objects in optical and radar images, even under low signal-to-background conditions. Additionally, the feasibility of generating synthetic optical and radar images through stochastic autoregressive synthesis has been theoretically justified and experimentally validated, achieving a physical accuracy of 90%. Novelty: This research is the first to explore the combined textural and spatial spectral-correlation features of optical and radar images for land cover classification, highlighting the superiority of fractal-based approaches. Implications: The results provide a robust theoretical foundation for the practical application of fractal radiolocation and radio electronics, offering new directions for the development of advanced radar technologies and information processing methods, thus contributing to the evolution of modern radiophysics and electronic systems.
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References
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- . A. A. Potapov and G. A. Andreev, "The Effect of Chaotic Surface Irregularities on the Reflected Pulsed Signal of Millimeter Waves," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 1405-1414, 1986.
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- . A. A. Potapov, T. V. Galkina, T. I. Orlova, and Y. L. Khlyavich, "A Method for Extracting Contours of Extended Deterministic Objects in Stochastic Fields," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 2240-2242, 1991.
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- . A. A. Potapov and A. I. Kolesnikov, "Spectral Characteristics of Ground Surface Images," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1851-1852, 1993.
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- . A. A. Potapov and A. V. Sokolov, "Frequency Coherence Function of the Wave Field Scattered by a Rough Surface with a Large Rayleigh Parameter," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 1071-1076, 1996.
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- . A. A. Potapov, "New Information Technologies Based on Probabilistic Textural and Fractal Features in Radar Detection of Low Contrast Targets," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 1101-1119, 2003.
- . A. A. Potapov and V. A. German, "On the Methods for Measuring Fractal Dimension and Fractal Signatures of Multidimensional Stochastic Signals," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 97, no. 12, pp. 1468-1491, 2004.
- . A. A. Potapov, V. V. Bulavkin, V. A. German, and O. F. Vyacheslavova, "Investigation of a Processed Surface Microrelief Using Fractal Signature Methods," Journal of Technical Physics, vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 28-45, 2005.
- . Y. V. Gulyaev, S. A. Nikitov, and A. A. Potapov, "Numerical Analysis of Electrodynamic Properties of Sierpinski Fractal Antenna," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 1070-1076, 2005.
- . A. A. Potapov, V. A. German, S. A. Nikitov, and Y. V. Gulyaev, "Ideas of Scaling and Fractional Dimension in the Scheme of the Fractal Radio Signal Detector," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 968-975, 2006.
- . A. A. Potapov and V. A. German, "Methods for Fractal Processing of Weak Signals and Low Contrast Images," Autometry, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 3-25, 2006.
- . A. A. Potapov, A. A. Potapov Jr., and V. A. Potapov, "Fractal Capacitor, Fractional Operators and Fractal Impedances," Nonlinear World, vol. 4, no. 4-5, pp. 172-187, 2006.
- . A. A. Potapov, "On the Theory of Functionals of Stochastic Backscatter Fields," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 261-310, 2007.
- . A. Kh. Gilmutdinov, P. A. Ushakov, and A. A. Potapov, "System Principles and the Element Base of Fractal Radioelectronics. Part I: Stages of Formation and State," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1033-1080, 2008.
- . A. A. Potapov, A. Kh. Gilmutdinov, and P. A. Ushakov, "System Principles and Element Base of Fractal Radioelectronics. Part II: Synthesis Methods, Models, and Prospects of Application," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 1347-1394, 2008.
- . A. N. Bogolyubov, S. Sh. Rekhviashvili, and A. A. Potapov, "A Method for Introducing Fractional Integrodifferentiation in Classical Electrodynamics," Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 3. Physics. Astronomy, no. 4, pp. 9-12, 2009.
- . A. N. Bogolyubov, S. Sh. Rekhviashvili, and A. A. Potapov, "Interpretation of the Diffusion Wave Equation Solution Using Fractional Integrodifferentiation," Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 3. Physics. Astronomy, no. 3, pp. 54-55, 2010.
- . A. A. Potapov and E. N. Matveev, "Fractal Electrodynamics, Scaling of Fractal Antennas Based on Ring Structures and Multi-Scale Frequency-Selective 3D Media or Fractal 'Sandwiches': Transition to Fractal Nanostructures," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 1157-1177, 2010.
- . Y. V. Gulyaev, S. V. Panasenko, A. A. Potapov, and L. F. Chernogor, "Optimal Detection and Optimal Parameterization of the Envelope Soliton," Reports of the Academy of Sciences, vol. 436, no. 5, pp. 606-610, 2011.
References
. A. A. Potapov, "Statistical Characteristics of Millimeter Waves Reflected by Vegetation," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 1863-1868, 1982.
. A. A. Potapov and G. A. Andreev, "The Effect of Chaotic Surface Irregularities on the Reflected Pulsed Signal of Millimeter Waves," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 1405-1414, 1986.
. A. A. Potapov, T. V. Galkina, T. I. Orlova, and Y. L. Khlyavich, "The Dispersion Method for Detecting Deterministic Objects in Texture Optical and Radar Images of the Land Surface," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 2295-2301, 1990.
. A. A. Potapov, "Investigation of the Effect of Vegetation Cover on the Backscattered Field of Millimeter Waves," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 239-246, 1991.
. A. A. Potapov, T. V. Galkina, T. I. Orlova, and Y. L. Khlyavich, "A Method for Extracting Contours of Extended Deterministic Objects in Stochastic Fields," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 2240-2242, 1991.
. A. A. Potapov and A. I. Kolesnikov, "Correlation Characteristics of Ground Surface Images," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 1270-1279, 1993.
. A. A. Potapov and A. I. Kolesnikov, "Spectral Characteristics of Ground Surface Images," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1851-1852, 1993.
. V. A. Paveliev and A. A. Potapov, "The Effect of the Ground Surface on the Structure of a Pulsed Signal in the Range of Millimeter Waves," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 573-582, 1994.
. A. A. Potapov, "A Generalized Correlator of Fields Scattered by Rough Surfaces," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 816-823, 1996.
. A. A. Potapov and A. V. Sokolov, "Frequency Coherence Function of the Wave Field Scattered by a Rough Surface with a Large Rayleigh Parameter," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 1071-1076, 1996.
. A. A. Potapov and V. A. German, "Application of Fractal Methods for Processing Optical and Radar Images of the Ground Surface," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 946-953, 2000.
. A. A. Potapov, "Fractals in Radio Physics and Radiolocation: Elements of the Fractal Theory," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 1285-1292, 2000.
. Y. V. Opalenov and A. A. Potapov, "Stochastic Signals and the Radon Transformation at Raster Radar Imaging by a Microwave Digital Radar with Fractal Information Processing," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1447-1458, 2000.
. A. A. Potapov, "Fractals in Radio Physics and Radiolocation: Fractal Signal Analysis," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 261-270, 2001.
. A. A. Potapov and V. A. German, "Effects of Deterministic Chaos and a Strange Attractor at Radiolocation of a Dynamic System of Vegetation Cover Type," Letters to the Technical Physics Journal, vol. 28, no. 14, pp. 19-25, 2002.
. A. A. Potapov, "Fractals in Radio Physics and Radiolocation: Fundamentals of the Theory of Wave Scattering by Fractal Surfaces," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 517-544, 2002.
. A. A. Potapov, "New Information Technologies Based on Probabilistic Textural and Fractal Features in Radar Detection of Low Contrast Targets," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 1101-1119, 2003.
. A. A. Potapov and V. A. German, "On the Methods for Measuring Fractal Dimension and Fractal Signatures of Multidimensional Stochastic Signals," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 97, no. 12, pp. 1468-1491, 2004.
. A. A. Potapov, V. V. Bulavkin, V. A. German, and O. F. Vyacheslavova, "Investigation of a Processed Surface Microrelief Using Fractal Signature Methods," Journal of Technical Physics, vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 28-45, 2005.
. Y. V. Gulyaev, S. A. Nikitov, and A. A. Potapov, "Numerical Analysis of Electrodynamic Properties of Sierpinski Fractal Antenna," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 1070-1076, 2005.
. A. A. Potapov, V. A. German, S. A. Nikitov, and Y. V. Gulyaev, "Ideas of Scaling and Fractional Dimension in the Scheme of the Fractal Radio Signal Detector," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 968-975, 2006.
. A. A. Potapov and V. A. German, "Methods for Fractal Processing of Weak Signals and Low Contrast Images," Autometry, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 3-25, 2006.
. A. A. Potapov, A. A. Potapov Jr., and V. A. Potapov, "Fractal Capacitor, Fractional Operators and Fractal Impedances," Nonlinear World, vol. 4, no. 4-5, pp. 172-187, 2006.
. A. A. Potapov, "On the Theory of Functionals of Stochastic Backscatter Fields," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 261-310, 2007.
. A. Kh. Gilmutdinov, P. A. Ushakov, and A. A. Potapov, "System Principles and the Element Base of Fractal Radioelectronics. Part I: Stages of Formation and State," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1033-1080, 2008.
. A. A. Potapov, A. Kh. Gilmutdinov, and P. A. Ushakov, "System Principles and Element Base of Fractal Radioelectronics. Part II: Synthesis Methods, Models, and Prospects of Application," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 1347-1394, 2008.
. A. N. Bogolyubov, S. Sh. Rekhviashvili, and A. A. Potapov, "A Method for Introducing Fractional Integrodifferentiation in Classical Electrodynamics," Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 3. Physics. Astronomy, no. 4, pp. 9-12, 2009.
. A. N. Bogolyubov, S. Sh. Rekhviashvili, and A. A. Potapov, "Interpretation of the Diffusion Wave Equation Solution Using Fractional Integrodifferentiation," Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 3. Physics. Astronomy, no. 3, pp. 54-55, 2010.
. A. A. Potapov and E. N. Matveev, "Fractal Electrodynamics, Scaling of Fractal Antennas Based on Ring Structures and Multi-Scale Frequency-Selective 3D Media or Fractal 'Sandwiches': Transition to Fractal Nanostructures," Radio Engineering and Electronics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 1157-1177, 2010.
. Y. V. Gulyaev, S. V. Panasenko, A. A. Potapov, and L. F. Chernogor, "Optimal Detection and Optimal Parameterization of the Envelope Soliton," Reports of the Academy of Sciences, vol. 436, no. 5, pp. 606-610, 2011.